Earth Missions by NASA

Atmosphere

AIM
Aqua
ARCTAS
ATTREX
Aura
CALIPSO
CHAMP
CINDI
Cloudsat
DISCOVER-AQ
Glory
GOES
ICEsat 
ICESat-2
NOAA-N
NOAA-N Prime
NPP
Operation Ice Bridge
POES
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes
RapidScat
TDRS
Terra
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
Upper Atmosphere Radiation Satellite (UARS)

Climate
Aquarius
ARCTAS
ATTREX
Aura
CALIPSO
Cloudsat
DISCOVER-AQ
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)
Glory
GOES
Jason
Landsat
LDCM
NOAA-N
NOAA-N Prime
NPP
Ocean Surface Topography Mission
Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2)
POES
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes 
SERVIR
SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive)
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)
TDRS
Terra
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
Upper Atmosphere Radiation Satellite (UARS)

Continental Drift and Geodynamics
LAGEOS 1 and 2
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes
TDRS

Gravity
Gravity Probe-B
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes
TDRS

Hurricanes
CYGNSS (Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System)
GOES
Hurricanes
NPP
Polar
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes
TDRS
Terra
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

Ice
ICEsat 
Landsat
LDCM
Operation Ice Bridge
Radiation Belt Storm Probes (Van Allen Probes)
TDRS (Tracking and Data Relay Satellite)

Land and Vegetation
Aqua
ICEsat 
ICESat-2
Landsat
LDCM
NPP
Operation Ice Bridge
Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2)
Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive)
TDRS
Terra

Oceans
Aqua
Aquarius
Jason
NOAA-N Prime
Ocean Surface Topography Mission
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes 
RapidScat
TDRS
Terra
TOPEX/Poseidon

Ozone
Aura
NOAA-N Prime
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes 
TDRS
TOMS-EP*
Upper Atmosphere Radiation Satellite (UARS)

Sun and its Influence on Earth
CHAMP
Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
Explorer
FAST
Geotail
Hinode (Solar-b)
IMAGE
IRIS: Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Polar
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes
RHESSI
SDO
SOHO
Solar Anomalous and Magnetospherice Particle Explorer (SAMPEX)
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)
STEREO
TDRS
Terra
THEMIS
TIMED
TRACE
Ulysses
WIND

Water Cycle
Aqua
ATTREX
GOES
NPP
POES
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes
SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive)
TDRS
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

Weather
ATTREX
GOES
NOAA-N
NOAA-N Prime
NPP
POES
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes
SERVIR
TDRS
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

Wildfires
Fire and Smoke
GOES
Landsat
LDCM
Earth Observing-1
Van Allen Probes/Radiation Belt Storm Probes 
TDRS
Terra